Acute gouty arthritis: It often occurs in men aged 30 to 50 who are overweight and consume excessive alcohol. Symptoms include sudden redness, swelling, warmth, fever, and severe pain in the big toe joint, making walking difficult. Other toes or the knee joint may also be affected.

Chronic tophaceous gout: If gout is not well controlled, uric acid can form crystals in the joints, under the skin, in the ears, or in internal organs. These crystals form tophi, which can cause joint swelling, permanent joint damage, and even impair kidney function.

1.  Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like Naproxen, Ibuprofen, and Celebrex can reduce inflammation and effectively relieve symptoms (Further reading : Care of Patient with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs).
2. Steroids: It has anti-inflammatory effects and can relieve the discomfort caused by acute gout. It is suitable for patients with peptic ulcers or poor kidney function (More information: Care for the Use of Steroids).
3. Colchicine:Used for relieving acute symptoms and prevention.
   

When uric acid levels are above 10 mg/dL (uric acid levels in the blood exceeding 10 milligrams per 100 milliliters), and the 24-hour urine uric acid excretion is higher than 1000 milligrams, the consideration of uric acid-lowering medications becomes necessary.

 In the chronic phase, uric acid control is crucial. Common uric acid-lowering medications include Allopurinol, Feburic, Euricon, etc.

Maintain standard weight and waist circumference: If you are overweight, you should lose weight slowly, and don't lose weight quickly or fast, which may increase uric acid and cause gout. It is a healthier way to lose one kilogram per month. In addition, the waist circumference should be measured regularly and kept within the standard range. ( National Health Administration:  the waist circumference, for males ≤90 cm, for females ≤80 cm ).

Exercise is good for health.: Studies have shown that moderate exercise can increase the death risk of patients with hyperuricemia, so patients are advised to exercise moderately.

Maintain proper water replenishment: It is recommended to drink 2000c.c daily. Insufficient water may cause gout attacks. Drinking water in moderation can help reduce gout attacks and prevent the formation of uric acid stones.

Maintain a balanced diet and avoid high-purine foods: 

1. Carbohydrates: All grains and tubers can be consumed.

2.  Vegetables and fruits: Most vegetables are allowed, except for heavily dried shiitake mushrooms and seaweed, which should not be eaten in large quantities. There are no restrictions on fruit consumption.

3. Protein: Reduce the intake of organ meats and seafood (except for sea cucumbers and jellyfish skins).

4. Dairy: Appropriate supplementation of dairy products can lower uric acid and reduce the incidence of gout

5. Fats: High-fat foods can inhibit uric acid excretion, so they should be avoided during acute gout attacks.